Their Eyes Were Watching God

Their Eyes Were Watching God is a novel written by Zora Neale Hurston in 1937. It is a story about an African American woman, Janie Crawford, her lifelong search for love and self-assertion.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Their Eyes Were Watching God specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In 1937, the times of the Great Depression, the novel did not get recognition as it gets today. Black people criticized the ideas presented in the story a lot. They said that Hurston had not underlined the real treatment of whites to South blacks. They argued that demoralization had not been described as it was in real. Only in 1970s, the book was rediscovered and began studied by students. One of the peculiar features of the work is the form chosen by the author. Hurston begins and ends the story with one and the same setting and people. The major character, Janie, tells the story of her life to one of her friends, Pheoby Watson. He r story is a kind of trip to Janie’s past life via a huge flashback. To describe Janie’s story of life, the author uses a great number of metaphors and symbols. First of all, it is necessary to clear up what a metaphor actually means. â€Å"In cognitive linguistic view, metaphor is defined as understanding one conceptual domain of another conceptual domain.† (Kà ¶vecses 4) In the novel, there are three brightest examples of metaphors: a pear tree, the image of the horizon, and mules. Two first examples are about Janie’s dreams and hopes. Janie climbs the pear tree in order to see horizon. She wants to know what else is around her. She has a dream to make a trip and discover what is so special beyond horizon.Advertising Looking for essay on american literature? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The third example of metaphor, a mule, is an image of African American’s status during the Great Depr ession. Hurston tries to underline the plight of African American workers by comparing them with the mules. The image of mules also represents Janie’s life, her searching, and social status. Actually, mules represent Janie’s position in several ways. With each stage of her life, Janie realizes more and more that her life is most like the life of an ordinary mule. When Janie is a child, her grandmother, Nanny, usually compares black women and mules. She says: â€Å"De nigger woman is de mule uh de world so fur as Ah can see† (Hurston 14). Nanny tries to explain her granddaughter how helpless the status of African American women in the society is. Nanny does not see another way for good and free life for her Janie but a marriage. It is not that important to marry for love and happiness. Granny tells that love and happiness may come with time. A family is the very place where true love will appear. This is why Nanny finds a good option to her daughter. Inexperienc ed Janie has nothing to do but obey her granny, and she agrees to get married with Logan Killicks, an old farmer who needs a wife to keep the house and helps on farm. She truly believes that in this marriage, she will find a true love and become really happy. Unfortunately, it was only her dreams. Just like a mule, Janie is forced to work in the field with her husband. Janie continues to believe that working together, she can be closer to her husband. However, being closer was not the objective of her husband. The major purpose that Logan wants to achieve is his financial prosperity, nothing more. Janie cannot stand such attitude any more. The only way she sees is to leave her husband and start a new life. She desperately thinks that her new lover, Jody Starks, will help her.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Their Eyes Were Watching God specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More They come to a new town, where Jody becomes a major. However, the situation does not change considerably. Now, Janie’s role is to be a trophy wife. A situation with Matt Bonner’s mule can serve as one more example in order to find more connection between the life of the mule and Janie’s life. Jody Starks tempted Janie with his money and burning ambitions. He made her fall in love with him and took away from the husband. The same thing happens with Bonner’s mule. He buys the mule and takes it away from Bonner just in order to make it his own property. This mule becomes one of the major themes for discussions. It is a centerpiece of the town as well as Janie (because she is a major’s wife). â€Å"The association between the mule’s liberation and its release from the debt of slavery comments in interesting ways on Janie’s own life history.† (Joseph 146). Janie feels sorry for that poor mule. Maybe, it happens because she compares herself with it. She also suffers from abuse and sneers of other people. She cannot get into a way of being a major’s wife, listening, and obeying to each word of her husband. Even though, she has a better job (now, she should not work in the field but in the office), she does not feel satisfaction. Such â€Å"golden cage† is not for her. It is also very important to underline one more situation that happens with Bonner’s mule and Janie. When the mule died, Jody does not allow Janie go to the funeral. What are the reasons for such a decision? It is so obvious that the mule symbolizes Janie’s life. In this case, why does Jody allow the mule die and be eaten by the birds? Does he want the same destiny to her wife? Or, can it be that Jody wants to prove that even after the death, he can control the situation? However, in any case, the mule’s death is a symbol of Janie’s freeing, at least, her soul. This death changes Janie in some way. Now, she is more or less ready to leave Jody and con tinue her searching of freedom and happiness.Advertising Looking for essay on american literature? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More There is one more thing that needs to be considered – the color of Matt Bonner’s mule. It was yellow. Yellow is referred to light-skinned African Americans, just like Janie Crawford is. Is it a coincidence or one more technique used by the author? Maybe, it is one more attempt to underline unbelievable resemblance of status of an African American woman and a working mule. Of course, the way Hurston chooses to describe the status of working black women was a bit offensive. To represent the terrible attitude of whites to black workers, the writer picks out mules. These animals have to obey their masters. They have nothing to do but work all the time. The major character of the novel, Janie Crawford, should follow the same way. She wants to find true love and become free. Unfortunately, her way is not that easy. Too many obstacles are on her way. â€Å"Hurston’s heroine, Janie, progresses through a series of destructive relationships with men before finally choosi ng solitude and reflection as the resolution to her quest.† (Nash 74) At the end of the story, Janie kills her true love. She has to do it in order to save her own life. Such a decision is one of the brightest evidences of her strengths and her only desire to survive and be free. Zora Huston created the novel during the times of the Great Depression. These were the times when African American female writers were rather rare. Because of serious critiques and discontents of either whites or blacks, lots of her works were overlooked and even not published. In 1970s, Alice Walker reintroduced Hurston’s works. She wrote: â€Å"Her best novel, Their Eyes Were Watching God (1937), is regarded as one of the most poetic works of fiction by a black writer in the first half of the twentieth century, and one of the most revealing treatments in modern literature of a woman’s quest for a satisfying life.† (Walker A. 6) Zora Hurston described Janie as strong and courage ous woman who never stopped her searching for independence and happiness. It was unusual for those times. The great majority of African American women could not demonstrate their characters and represent their own ideas. It was a risky step, and the writer was not afraid to take it. Her attempt may be justified as the book is really great and all the techniques are appropriately used. Work Cited Joseph, Philip. American Literary Regionalism in a Global Age. United States: LSU Press, 2007. Hurston, Zora Neale. Their Eyes Were Watching God. United States: University of Illinois Press, 1991. Hemenway, Robert. E. and Walker A. Zora Hurston: A Literary Biography. United States: University of Illinois Press, 1980. Kà ¶vecses, Zoltà ¡n. Metaphor: A Practical Introduction. United States: Oxford University Press US, 2002. Nash, William R. Charles Johnson’s Fiction. United States: University of Illinois Press, 2003. This essay on Their Eyes Were Watching God was written and submitted by user Mattie H. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Gothic Art and Architecture Essay Example

Gothic Art and Architecture Essay Example Gothic Art and Architecture Paper Gothic Art and Architecture Paper Gothic art and architecture played a very important role in the appearance of medieval times. The approximate time frame of the Gothic stage began in 1125, preceding the Romanesque period. Gothic art was first considered very ugly and was believed that barbarians were only capable of making such pieces. So, the name gothic meaning ghost was given to this time period. Now in the 20th century people think Gothic art is beautiful and admire It greatly. The First Methodist church In Notate by Red Barrel is a Gothic church. While looking at the church you take note of the pointed arches. This Is a feature that began in the Gothic time period, and replaced rounded arches of the Romanesque period. Pointed arches are on every window and on the frame of the door. Inside you can see a simple barrel vaulting system. Another feature of Gothic art that The First Methodist Church has Is the wonderful stain glass windows. They were very long and told a religious story. The stain glass allows the walls to be thinner and let a nice color filled light In. This light fills the church, and back then would be one of the only systems of light. The most dominant feature of Gothic architecture is the size, or height of the church. They believed that the higher the church the better, because they were closer to heaven. Some even contained towers so they could be closer to heaven. The one in Notate is very tall and has a very high ceiling. The ground plan for the church is in a cross, just like medieval times. Inside the church is very complex along with the high ceilings. : There are no painting, but the columns are highly decorated and complex. The First Methodist Church in Notate has many Gothic features, but is missing some characteristics. It does not have flying buttresses, or a rose window, which were strong Gothic traits. Also there were no windows on the east end where the sun rises. Alters were mainly put on the eat end, so when the sun rose it would fill the alter with light. Gothic architecture is very beautiful, and the town of Notate is very lucky to have such a marvelous Gothic church in its town.

Teleology Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Teleology - Research Paper Example The results, rational and impacts that such ethical issues pose to the sports industry explain the leading occurrences. Drug use and steroids instill unfairness in sports, as the users tend to possess boosted and comparable advantage of the non-users. The act negatively influences behavior and characters of the participants as many will resort to the unethical conducts to emerge victorious with the aided advantages. Human beings conduct themselves in a manner that the aftermaths rational dictate. The assertion relies on reference to the ends or goal attainment, this is teleology and the dependence of human conduct on it implies ethics. Ethics refers to the moral principles that administer an individual’s or group’s behavior. Teleology has helped the humans to understand the behavior as of either pursuing their ends or goals to fulfill a purpose that the mind determines or dictates. According to Aristotle, a comprehensive explanation of any phenomenon must consider its formal, efficient and final cause. The mind has to be present for a thing to act for an end (Woodfield,

Journal of Clinical Nursing FOLLOW-UP CARE An exploratory study of the Assignment

Journal of Clinical Nursing FOLLOW-UP CARE An exploratory study of the follow-up care needs of patients treated for colorect - Assignment Example This is in line with the assertions of Alasuutari, P. et al. (2008); Balsley (2007) that a document abstract should in brief present the researcher’s proposed objectives and whether they were met; how he/she had proposed to carry out the research-the research paper design; the reasons for choosing such a design given there are so many design methodologies citing the advantages and disadvantages and comparing the shortcomings with those of other potential design methods; perceived outcomes citing the actual and the expected impacts. Further, the abstract should clearly give the research methodology including the research tools giving reasons of their choice, the data collection methods, , how the data will be analyzed and including the software to be used (SPSS, STATA, EnVivo, GenStat etc) in addition to research schedule and envisaged budget. As Alasuutari, P. et al. (2008) puts it, all the above are meant to present the research protocol in an easier manner to comprehend. The authors of the research paper article have taken all the above into consideration while writing the paper. One important aspect included in the research paper it background, which gives a foundation for the paper citing the existing information gap to form a sound justification for current and future research works in the area. Further, relevance of the research work in the provision of health services is well articulated and sound well for a research work findings which are expected to be generalized and replicated. Evaluation In any research work, the research design and methodology which form the research protocol are entirely based on proposed research objectives. Research objectives guide the researcher in the formulation of specific, measureable, attainable, realistic and time bound activities which guide the researcher in avoiding those that are likely to interfere with the research timelines and budget. According to Kinta, B. et al. (2010), the research objective was to exp lore patient perceptions of their experiences of follow-up care after treatment for colorectal cancer. The research objective is supported by the formulated questions which the research aims at answering and which are disaggregate into a level which is easily manageable. In this case the null hypothesis assumed that the traditional method of routine hospital follow-up may be effective in the surveillance of disease recurrence, but does not always address patients’ psycho-social and information needs adequately (Kinta, B. et al. 2010). The null hypothesis assumed none effect of follow-up of cancer patients. The formulated hypothesis formed the basis for the development of research tools, data collection protocol, determination of the analysis methods and the way to report the findings. Hypothesis formulation is very important in that, they are integral parts which guide the readers on what to expect, what the research paper aimed at in addition to reducing the research questio ns into manageable components (Babbie 2007). The importance of a research article is clearly captured by the authors stating that nurse-led clinics and/or telephone follow-up by specialist nurses may be effective models of care for this particular patient group, providing appropriate access for meeting clinical, psycho-social and

Debate On Gender Difference Sociology Essay

Debate On Gender Difference Sociology Essay From the moment we born, people have already been attributed as male or female, which is classified by our biological differences of body. However, there are other characteristic, e.g. mental, social definitions of sexes, for dividing us into masculine or feminine. From the past to present, gender difference has long been a debatable topic in our society. Different approaches, mainly essentialism and constructionism, have different view on the origin of gender different. The main debate is that whether gender differences are socially constructed or derive from biological differences. In the following, I will first look back the essentialist and constructionist debate on the issue of gender difference. Then, whether gender is socially constructed in the aspect of family, education and mass media will be argued. For essentialist, it is agreed that gender differences are of an intrinsic of nature, which is related to psychological and physical differences of our body. Determined by different genes and hormones, everyone have their own particular features and attributes. That means that people are born either women or men, which depends on whether they have penis or vagina. Besides, it is argued that gender differences are propelled by natural force which resulted in inequalities between male and female. As men and women are born to be fundamentally different, it is impossible to have an equal society root and branch. Oppositely, the constructionist thinks that the gender roles are created culturally instead of biologically. They argued that gender roles are culturally resulted as our emotion, action, desire and relationships with others are affected by the society and people. As we interact with others every day, we will learn what the society expects for male and female. Through gender socialization, feminine or masculine roles will be taught to the children by various social institutions, e.g. family, region, law and so on. It is claimed that when an infant is born, gender socialization starts. We are doing gender through socially guided activities which shapes our perception of masculinity or femininity. For example, in our society, most of the women are allowed to wear dresses and high heels. While for men having this kind of dressing, they will be classified as abnormal. For this situation, the constructionist will argue that because of the society, it is socially acceptable for women to wear dresses and high heels. The society has a norm that women are allowed to have this kind of dressing and this concept shaped our mind. However, for essentialist, they will argue that it is due to the womens biological organ, women are normal for wearing dress and high heel. Instead of social construction, the distinctive biological dissimilarity of body create these differences. From the above, it is known that there is a fierce debate on whether gender is of biological differences or is socially constructed among essentialist and constructionist. To a larger extend, it is thought that gender is socially constructed. As we are living in a society that we interact with others every day, it is undeniable that gender socialization is happened to us from child to adult. In other words, both Masculinity and femininity is the result of socialization. Thus, this implies that society creates gender role and differences, which is consistent with the view of constructionist. In the following, I will explain how the gender is socially constructed by various agents, including family, education and mass media. From Lindsey (2011), Family is the most crucial primary socialization agent for children since first knowledge and value are learnt. Kimmel, 2011 also claimed that Gender socialization have begun when we born. It is believed that families have the power to affect individuals emotion, behaviors and values. So, during the process of growing of children, they will learn to understand their own gender. Norms and customs of different genders are learnt from parent primarily. When we are small, our parents encourage acts that are consistent with the norm of our gender and prevent us from doing some behavior that are of the opposite gender. For instance, girls are encouraged to play doll while boys are encouraged to play gun. For constructing gender of children by family, there are mainly four ways which is proposed by Ann Oakley. Manipulation is one of the ways that parent encourage behaviors that are appeared to be normal for the childrens gender. For example, boys are encouraged to join basketball practice while discouraged from joining ballet lessons. The second one, canalization, is that parent guides the childrens interest to the activities of their gender. One example is that girls are guided to play cooking sets. Verbal appellation which means that childrens gender are constructed through naming them. Cute girl, dont be so rude. is an apparent verbal expression which teaches the children appropriate act of their gender. The final method is by different activities. Parents usually arrange girls take part in indoor domestic activities while boys take part in outdoor activities. According social learning theory, it is stated that people learn the social behavior primarily by observing and imitating others behavior when they are young. Children spend most of their time at home with their parent which they may learn the gender role from them by observing. A recent research done by Charles (2002) supports this point. It shows that family have a gender stereotype that males generally work outside and females have caring roles. This implies that boys and girls learn this kind of role from observing their fathers and mothers behavior. In addition to family, education also plays a key role in constructing gender identity. School is a place that children are having second stage of socialization. It is clear that children spend most of the time at school after the age of three. So, Formal schooling provides a major medium for children to learn and reinforce the cultural expectations for males and females (Finn et al. 1980; Lee et al., 1994). At school, there is different treatment toward girls and boy. Teachers play a role in socializing girls towards femininity while boys toward masculinity as there must be interaction between teachers and students. From the words of the teacher, it already instills some gender characteristic for the students. For instance, girls are lauded for quiet and elegant, whereas boys are praised for active or speaking up by teachers. Clearly, role or norms of gender are shaped in this approach. Moreover, the content of textbooks or literature that is taught in the classroom may have some knowledge related to gender role. Some literatures with masculine pronoun or history that determined that role of men influence them as it may be the role models which are looking up. Besides, some gender roles are also distinguished from the curriculum. It is known that the curriculum is still different for girls and boys in some developing countries. For the case of Uganda, girls are receiving more knowledge related to family life and home while boys get information of sports or productive still. (Mirembe Davies, as cited in 9789241596435_eng, 2001) Another aspect of education which helps shaping the gender roles is the playground activities. Playground is a place that clearly distinguishes the gender role. For boys, they usually participate in sport game actively. For girls, they would have some social activities or indoor activities. Schools are made up of students with similar age and status. It is common to see that children with same gender play together. In this stage, children have already developed a much intense consciousness of gender identity. Thus, it will soon closure into a more rigid gender roles. From the above, we know that education is also one of agents which the gender constructed socially. Media contribute significantly to construction of gender in our early life. Media are the diversified media technologies that are tried to gain a large audience by mass communication. There are various kind of media, including broadcast, print, outdoor, internet, etc. Throne (1993) claimed that gender role stereotypes are often internalized by children from the media, especially television. Moreover, research done by Anderson, 1986 also shows that television influence childrens lives greatly. For teenagers, popular television drama and magazines help them develop and sustain the lifestyle of their gender through photos or dialogue. Prevalent gender ideologies or characteristics which imply gender differences are transmitted to the adolescent visually and verbally in the media. (Tinkler, 1995) For example, we seldom see male nurse in the television drama. In nowadays, since we have assumed that women are much more caring and benevolent to men, female are more suitable than male to be nurse. Again, gender differences can also be shown in the media which socially constructed the gender identity among male and female. Moreover, adolescents tend to share what they have read and saw through the media. By interaction between youngster, gender are constructed collaboratively. Moreover, it is claimed that presented gender behavior in images by music or movies help adolescents to take the idea of what meant to be a men or women. (Greenberg et al., as cited in d, 1986) When it comes to the media, gender stereotype are also found in different media, especially in propaganda. It is a powerful agent which affects our attitudes, beliefs and the values that we are of ourselves, others and the world. (1018899522353.pdf ) It is not difficult to find female or male stereotype among the news, magazines or on television. For example, advertisements promoting slimming programme and plastic surgery are found everywhere in Hong Kong, from magazine to MTRs advertisement board. Models in the propagandas are stereotyped that women should be slim, beautiful and with big breast. There are also some advertisements promoting masculinity among men. Muscular and powerful are the male characteristics which are stereotyped too. It is found that male characters were presented as a valued role model, but it were supermasculine with personal feature of aggression. (Peevers, as cited in mass media and gender, 1987). In most of the film, men are usually engaged in violent scenes of rape and kill. (Nelson, as cite in mass media and gender, 1985) This shown both good and bad men is aggressive. For instance, in film of Batman, Batman has an image that he is powerful, muscular, and aggressive in killing the bad guys. This c reates gender stereotype. As children or adolescent is easily access to these kinds of film, this kind of stereotype are easily instill in their mind which are process of gender construction. As a result, this kind of gender stereotype may change or shape the childrens view toward gender, which affect them constructing their gender. From the above, it is clear that gender is socially constructed through family, education and mass media. Besides, many socialization agents who are not mentioned play a role in shaping our gender identity. To a larger extend, it is thought that gender is socially constructed instead of biologically construct. Since we are exposed to different socialization agents every day and everywhere, it is impossible to say that we havent affected by the society. Famous sociologist George Herbert Mead also claimed that the self-identity is not present when we were first born, instead, it is developed with social experience.

Pedro Paramo Essay

The novel Pedro Paramo is about a young man who loses his mother and decides to take a journey to a ghost town called Comala to find his father, but instead dies of fear and finds out his father is dead. A central theme that runs through Juan Rulfo’s Pedro Paramo is the nature of hope and despair in a person’s life, which Rulfo demonstrates by Pedro Paramo’s love for Susana, Juan Preciado’s journey to Comala for his father, and Susana San Juan’s desire for her deceased husband. Rulfo exhibits Pedro Paramo’s hope for a future with Susana as a sometimes- ositive nature followed by the negative nature of despair he experiences from her demise. Pedro talks about how he has hoped Susana would return to him after many years of being gone since they were children: â€Å"I waited thirty years for you to return, Susana. I wanted to have it all. Not just part of it, but everything there was to have, to the point that there would be nothing left for us to want, no desire but your wishes† (Rulfo 82). Pedro has been persistent about Susana’s return after a long thirty years. He has loved for Susana since their childhood when they flew kites together, and thinks she will come to ove him upon her return. He went through all the trouble to gain power and land out of the hope that Susana would return and he could meet any request she wished. Pedro is talking to Don Fulgor about the plan to get rid of Susana’s father Bartolome San Juan: â€Å"We need it to be so. She must be left without family. We’re called on to look after those in need. You agree with that, don’t you† (Rolfo 85)? Pedro still hopes that Susana will realize she needs to return to him and come to love him. He believes that it will be easier for her to realize this once Don Fulgor as an order kills her father in the mines. Once he is alone with Susana he plans to comfort her now that her father is not with her or a distraction anymore. Pedro is miserable because Susana has just died: â€Å"I will cross my arms and Comala will die of hunger. † (Rulfo 117) Pedro is mainly portrayed as a selfish man, but not when it comes to Susana. According to Dorotea Pedro really did love Susana and wanted the best for her. When she died he lost it, he plummeted into depression and did not speak to anyone, because Susana meant the most to him. He promised vengeance on the town of Comala for not caring enough about Susana’s death. He choose to sit down and watch Comala collapse, because no money would circulate through the town since he owned all of it. The character Juan is like Pedro because he based his choice to go on a journey on a ray of hope only to fall into the shadows of despair. Rulfo displays Juan Preciado’s search for his father in Comala is based on hope of finding answers to his questions about his father, but is greeted with melancholy news. Juan’s mother Doloritas has just died and she had asked him to go to Comala and make Pedro pay them back for not being there to be a husband or father: â€Å"But before I knew it y head began to swim with dreams and my imagination took flight. Little by Little I began to build a world around a hope centered of the man called Pedro Paramo, the man who had been my mother’s husband. That was why I had come to Comala† (Rulfo 3). Juan’s mother wanted him to go to Comala to get what he deserves from Pedro and receive payback, but Juan quickly changed his mind about why he was going to Comala. Juan has never seen his father so he is quite ecstatic to see who Pedro is and what he looks like. Juan hopes that he will arrive in Comala to find his father Pedro and start a ew life for himself, and that they will develop a father and son relationship. Juan has received some disappointing information about his father from Abundio: â€Å"You were mistaken about the house. You told me the wrong place. You sent me ‘south of nowhere,’ to an abandoned village. Looking for someone who’s no longer alive† (Rulfo 8). Juan is speaking to his mother aloud out of anger about why she sent him to a ghost town to look for someone who is not alive anymore. Abundio had told Juan that Pedro was dead and that he represented ‘living bile’ to him. Juan has been stripped of any hope he had about is plans to find his father Pedro and answer any questions. Juan is dead and is in a coffin talking with Dorotea: â€Å"You’d have done better to stay home. Why did you come here? I told you that at the very beginning. I came her to find Pedro Paramo, who they say was my father. Hope brought me here† (Rulfo 60). Juan reminds Dorotea that he came to Comala to find his father mainly because he had hope. It is tragic how Juan dies out of fear and without any hope but sorrow. Juan died with despair knowing that his father Pedro was a horrible man and a dead man. Juan has lost his own life and everyone close o him, just like Susana who has lost her lover and father only to loose her own life shortly after. Rulfo demonstrates that Susana San Juan hopes to reunite with her deceased husband due to her craziness, and that once she figures out he is dead she does not know how to live without him. Susana is in her home dreaming about her deceased husband Florencio: â€Å"And what I want is his body. Naked and hot with love; boiling with desire; stroking my trembling breast and arms. My transparent body suspended from his. My lustful body held and released by his strength† (Rulfo 100-101). Upon her return to Pedro Susana persistently hopes that her dead husband will return to her. She believes this because she was driven crazy by a series of grave robbing’s with her father at a young age. She hopes for his return so much that she often has intense dreams with detailed memories of her lover. Susana is in her bed thinking about her dream she just had: â€Å"What shall I do now with my lips without his lips to cover them? What shall become of my poor lips† (Rulfo 101)? Susana has now realized that her deceased husband Florencio will never come back to life. She has suddenly lost all of her hope and is now filled with espair and fear of what will come. She never plans on being with Pedro and worries about what will happen to her lips since her deceased husband is the only one she wanted kissing her lips. Pedro is thinking about Susana in his thoughts while she is sleeping: â€Å"But what world was Susana San Juan living in? That was one of the things Pedro Paramo would never know† (Rulfo 95). Susana might live in the normal world but does not act like it, because she has crazy thoughts and dreams. Pedro will never know what is going on with Susana. She is always thinking about her dead husband because she lives in denial and is on Fantasy Island. The novel Pedro Paramo was about a young man who lost his mother and decided to take a journey to a ghost town called Comala to find his father, but instead died of fear and found out his father was dead. Juan Rulfo used the concept of the nature of hope and despair in a person’s life as a central theme for Pedro Paramo, and demonstrated it by using Pedro Paramo’s love for Susana, Juan Preciado’s journey to Comala for his father, and Susana San Juan’s desire for her past husband. Rulfo’s novel Pedro Paramo is an insightful source of how quickly a person’s hope can be taken and turned into despair.

How to make effective resume? Essay

RESUME: – Your resume is one of the most important tools you have when looking for a job. This page will help you choose the right type of rà ©sumà © for your situation. It will also provide you with tips to help you tailor your rà ©sumà © to the job you’re applying for, and to make sure it stands out in a crowd for all the right reasons. A resume is a short, point-form document that you give to employers to tell them about your work experience, education, and skills. Before you write your rà ©sumà ©, you may want to complete a skills inventory to know what skills you have to offer an employer. WHY DO YOU NEED A RESUME? The job market has changed drastically from just a few years ago. While a resume was once only needed by upper management and executives, today almost everyone needs a rà ©sumà © to job hunt effectively. The resume has only one purpose . . . to get interviews. A good resume cannot get you a job, but a bad resume or no resume will prevent you from even getting the opportunity to interview. A rà ©sumà © is a marketing tool, plain and simple. Your rà ©sumà © speaks for you when you are not there to talk yourself. Many companies want you to send your resume in response to an advertisement on the internet or in the newspaper. In order to remain anonymous and avoid a flurry of phone calls, they only list their fax number or an e-mail address. If you do not have a resume you will not be able to respond to these types of advertisements. Many people think of a rà ©sumà © as a history or summary of their career. This is not quite correct. What makes a well-written resume so effective is that it provides potential employers with relevant information about why they should consider hiring you. An effective resume will show the employer all the benefits they will receive from hiring you. An effective rà ©sumà © is an investment, whether in the time it takes you to prepare it yourself or if you decide to hire a professional to help you. However, a well-written resume is an investment in your future. Think about the salary you are costing yourself from missed opportunities and failing to convince employers to call you for an interview. A good rà ©sumà © will get you more calls, more interviews and therefore a job much more quickly. A great rà ©sumà © can also convince an employer you are worth more salary! Here are some key components that make an effective resume:- * YOUR RESUME MUST SELL AN EMPLOYER YOUR BENEFITS:- The process of looking for a job is a sales presentation. You have become a salesperson and the product you are selling is YOU! Any good salesperson will tell you that you have to sell a customer on the benefits they will receive from the product. Your customer, the prospective employer, wants to know how you will return the investment they will make in you as an employee. In other words, don’t just tell them you are organized; tell them you have the ability to bring order to any chaotic situation that will increase the efficiency of the office. Don’t just tell them you are dependable, let them know that you have a spotless record of attendance and you are never late. * YOUR RESUME MUST BE ERROR FREE: One type or one misspelled word could be the reason that hiring managers are not calling you. Proofread your rà ©sumà © forwards and backwards. Don’t rely on your computer’s spellchecker to catch your errors. Spellcheckers only find misspelled words; they don’t look for misused words. Consistency is very important when creating your document. Attention to detail in your rà ©sumà © communicates to the hiring manager that you pay attention to details in your work. * YOUR RESUME MUST BE PERSONALIZED:- Templates or cookie cutter resumes are a problem because they look just like everyone else resume. What you need is to stand out from the crowd. Remember, a resume’s job is to entice the hiring manager to call you for an interview. Anyone can write a resume for an administrative assistant. What will get your phone ringing for interviews is a resume that tells the hiring manager why you are a great administrative assistant. WHAT TO INCLUDE IN RESUME? CONTACT INFORMATION * HOBBIES OBJECTIVES * CERTIFICATES HIGHLIGHTS OF QUALIFICATION EDUCATION SKILLS EXPERIENCE EXTCURRICULUM ACTIVITIES AWARDS/HONOURS TYPES OF RESUMES:- *CHRONOLOGICAL RESUMES: – A chronological resume starts by listing your work history, with the most recent position listed first. Your jobs are listed in reverse chronological order with your current or most recent job, first. Employers typically prefer this type of resume because it’s easy to see what jobs you have held and when you have worked at them. This type of resume works well for job seekers with a strong, solid work history. * FUNCTIONAL RESUME: – A functional resume focuses on your skills and experience, rather than on your chronological work history. It is used most often by people who are changing careers or who have gaps in their employment history. * COMBINATION RESUME: – A combination resume lists your skills and experience first. Your employment history is listed next. With this type of resume you can highlight the skills you have that are relevant to the job you are applying for, and also provide the chronological work history that employers prefer. RESUME FORMAT Your Contact Information First Last Name Street Address City, State, Zip Phone (Cell/Home) Email Address Objective (optional) What do you want to do? If you include this section it should be a sentence or two about your employment goals. A customized objective that describes why you are the perfect candidate for the job can help your resume stand out from the competition. Career Summary / Highlights (optional) A customized section of your resume that lists key achievements, skills, traits, and experience relevant to the position for which you are applying can serve dual purposes. It highlights your relevant experience and lets the prospective employer know that you have taken the time to create a resume that shows how you are qualified for the job. Experience This section of your resume includes your work history. List the companies you worked for, dates of employment, the positions you held and a bulleted list of responsibilities and achievements. Company #1 City, State Dates Worked Job Title Responsibilities / Achievements Responsibilities / Achievements Company #2 City, State Dates Worked Job Title Responsibilities / Achievements Responsibilities / Achievements Education In the education section of your resume, list the schools you attended, the degrees you attained, and any special awards and honors you earned. College, Degree Awards, Honors Skills Include skills related to the position / career field that you are applying for i.e. computer skills, language skills. References available upon request There is no need to include references on your resume or even to mention that references are available. Rather, have a separate list of references to give to employers upon request. Customize Your Resume In all cases, be sure to personalize and customize your resume, so it reflects your skills and abilities and connects them with the jobs you are applying for. Review Resume Samples Review sample resumes so you can incorporate your resume template information into an appropriate format.